This should be compared to the case of arsenide, phosphide, or antimonide semiconductors, where the electroabsorption effect in quantum wells is an order of magnitude stronger than in the bulk. For the love of physics walter lewin may 16, 2011 duration. Even though the modulator is still shorter than existing mzibased. Balanced electroabsorption modulator for highlinearity, lownoise microwave analog optical link f. Electroabsorption modulators based on bulk gan films and ganalgan multiple quantum wells chenkai kao, anirban bhattacharyya, christos thomidis, roberto paiella, and theodore d. The wavelength of the laser is set to analysis setup of ea modulator in order to visualize the signal on the probes, first we run the analysis, then we open optisystem to. In the absence of laser relative intensity noise rin, the link spur free dynamic range sfdr increases with the power of four. Mason et al 40 gbs tandem electroabsorption modulator 29 fig. Optical electroabsorption modulators for wideband, linear. Electrodes configured for interconnection to an external voltage source produce an electric field within the waveguide. Travelingwave electroabsorption modulators by shengzhong zhang the transmission bit rates in backbone telecommunication optical fibers are increasing rapidly, motivated by the explosive growth of internet traffic. Urban westergren master dissertation submitted in order to obtain the academic degree of erasmus mundus master of science in photonics royal institute of technology kth, stockholm. Bowers electrical engineering department, university of california, santa barbara, ca 93106 abstract electroabsorption modulators eams based on the quantum confined stark effect have advantages in appli. Waveguidebased electroabsorption modulator performance.
Selfconsistent timedomain large signal model of travelingwave electroabsorption modulators. High speed electroabsorption modulator in the generic. Abstractthe chirp factor of optical modulators is an important parameter that relates how the induced phase varies with the instantaneous power of a generated optical pulse, from which the dynamic chirp can be obtained. In this tutorial, we demonstrate optical modulation using an electroabsorbtion modulator. Laser diodes integrated with electroabsorption modulators. Electroabsorption modulators are attractive for applications requiring high speed modulation, low drive voltage, high extinction ratio, and integrability. Bond, gleb shtengel, prashant singh, yuliya akulova, and c. Electroabsorption modulator has been a very common device used in optical communication on the pure iiiv platform over the past decade. Electroabsorption modulator based on invertedribtype. Fabryperot electroabsorption modulators for highspeed free. For achieving a high extinction ratio, one usually exploits the quantumconfined stark effect in a quantum well structure. These are electrooptic devices in which a change in the absorption coefficient or refractive index.
Traveling wave electrode design for ultra compact carrier. Waveguide based electroabsorption modulator performance. Eams can be integrated with other devices like laser diodes. Bowers electrical engineering department, university of california, santa barbara, ca 93106 abstract electroabsorption modulators eams based on the quantum. Electroabsorption modulator based on invertedribtype silicon waveguide including double graphene layers yonghan kim and minsuk kwon school of electrical and computer engineering, ulsan national institute of science and technology, 50. Waveguidebased electroabsorption modulator performance rubab amin1, jacob b. Introduction in the last decade, the electroabsorption modulator eam has found a wider and wider range of applications within optical communications, although so far mostly at the research level. Raring, jonathan klamkin, anna taukepedretti, and larry a.
A comparative study of uv electro current topics in solid. Retroreflective modulators are key components in free space optical communication systems between mobile platforms and users. Pdf we present an electroabsorption modulator based on the enhanced electrooptic effect of an asymmetric coupled. Gain limit in analog links using electroabsorption modulators. Balanced electroabsorption modulator for highlinearity, low. Modeling of machzehnder and electroabsorption modulator.
Moreover, it favorably compares with the to date highest performance links employing lithium niobate crosscoupled machzehnder modulators, proving itself an enabling technology for placement of allsemiconductor radiofrequency lightwave transmitters in high. Optically controlled electroabsorption modulators for. Selectivelyundercut travelingwave electroabsorption. Highpower operation of electroabsorption modulators nanohub. Advanced photonics journal of applied remote sensing.
Electroabsorption modulator ii device configuration nptelhrd. Linear dual electroabsorption modulator for analog optical transmission linear dual electroabsorption modulator for analog optical transmission lee, gyu. The work has yielded detectors and modulators that demonstrate top performance for transmission and reception entirely through graphene devices, reaching worldrecord data rates for graphene devices 50 gbs for an electroabsorption modulator on soi. Rp photonics encyclopedia intensity modulators, acousto. Analysis of multiquantum well electroabsorption modulators joachim piprek, yijen chiu, and john e. Application of electroabsorption modulators for highspeed. Simulation of traveling wave electroabsorption modulators for phase modulation prasanna ramaswamy promotors. A graphenebased broadband optical modulator nature. High speed electroabsorption modulators in generic integration.
Ge and gesi electroabsorption modulators request pdf. High extinction ratio gaasalgaas electroabsorption. View and download radio shack rf modulator owners manual online. Gain limit in analog links using electroabsorption modulators article pdf available in ieee photonics technology letters 1819. Bell laboratories, lucent technologies rm 1a231, 9999 hamilton blvd. Electronic and computer engineering, university of limerick, limerick, ireland.
Rp photonics encyclopedia electroabsorption modulators. Moustakasa department of electrical and computer engineering and photonics center, boston university, 8 saint marys street, boston, massachusetts 02215, usa. A low power 2x28 gbs electroabsorption modulator driver. The modulator has a broad operating wavelength range of 35 nm and a 3 db bandwidth of 40. Conclusion we have demonstrated a cmos compatible, waveguide integrated ge eam with a bandwidth greater than 50ghz. Oct 26, 2005 we report on the design, fabrication and characterization of 1550 nm electroabsorption modulators based on ingaasinalas coupled quantum wells grown on inp substrate by mbe. Balanced electroabsorption modulator for highlinearity. Multiquantum well mqw electroabsorption modulators eams are attractive for. Linear dual electroabsorption modulator for analog optical. Electroabsorption modulator ii device configuration. Sp2 high speed packaged electroabsorption modulators. With the modulator, your accompanists wont need to carry an extra book of transitions to shuffle around between songs.
Vcsels can be modulated by modulating the current injection, but there are speed limits related to how. Its principle of operation is based on the franzkeldysh effect, i. In this chapter we discuss the working principles, waveguide coupling, and the latest progress in ge and gesi electroabsorption modulators eams based on franzkeldysh effect fke and quantum. A semiconductor heterojunction, guidedwave, electroabsorption modulator. An electroabsorption modulator eam is a semiconductor device which can be used for modulating the intensity of a laser beam via an electric voltage. To replace traditional large footprint machzehnder interferometer mzi type modulators several small footprint modulators are being researched. Electroabsorption modulator performance predicted from. Although polarization independent and temperature stable, it will not be considered here due to its low absorption modulation e. Electroabsorption modulators eams have been widely used in. Electroabsorption modulators based on bulk gan films and.
Read optical electroabsorption modulators for wideband, linear, lowinsertionloss photonic links, proceedings of spie on deepdyve, the largest online rental service for scholarly research with thousands of academic publications available at your fingertips. Jun 17, 2005 to achieve ultrahigh bit rate signal beyond existing etdm technology optical time division multiplexing otdm is been used. Coldren b a apogee photonics, 6580 snow drift road, suit 100, allentown, pa. Schaevitz,2 emel tasyurek,1 yiwen rong,3 theodore i. Pdf selfconsistent timedomain large signal model of.
Large and small single modulators and modulator arrays have been fabricated on a wafer scale with an optimized device fabrication technology. Electroabsorption modulators broadband optical modulators. Freespace eo modulators page 112 thorlabs freespace electrooptic eo modulators provide either phase or amplitude modulation of a laser beam by applying an electrical control signal. The device includes a rib waveguide fabricated on a substrate.
Electroabsorption modulators based on bulk gan films and gan. Electroabsorption modulator performance predicted from bandedge absorption spectra of bulk, quantumwell, and quantumwellintermixed ingaasp structures gordon b. Example of an equidistant pam4 generation scheme, using the. We demonstrate grapheneonsilicon nitride electroabsorption modulators for inherently linear rf modulation onchip with a spurious free dynamic range sfdr of 100 dbchz23. Eo modulators eoms require drive voltages on the order of hundreds of volts requiring both a function generator and high voltage amplifier. Analysis of multiquantum well electroabsorption modulators joachim piprek, yijenchiu, and john e. Selectivelyundercut travelingwave electroabsorption modulators incorporating a pingaas contact layer matthew m. It has 2 electrical ports for the bias and rf driving and 2 optical ports as an input and output. Modeling of machzehnder and electroabsorption modulator pulse generators and extraction of the chirp factor michael j.
Us5165105a separate confinement electroabsorption modulator. Introduction the emerging research conducted on silicon photonics has emphasized its potential to utilize low cost, mature and mass productive cmos processes. Electroabsorption modulator nmechanisms franzkeldysh effect nobserved in conventional bulk semiconductors quantumconfined stark effect qcse nquantum well structures nboth of these electroabsorption effects are prominent near the bandgap of semiconductors. Most electroabsorption modulators are made in the form of a waveguide with electrodes for applying an electric field in a direction perpendicular to the modulated light beam.
The negative feedback caused by photocurrent generation improves the modulator linearity in the gain saturation regime. Wideaperture surfacenormal electroabsorption modulators based on. Oktyabrsky1 1co lleg eof nanos c asi nand e ngeer,u ny ab yba y tel5184378609, email. Such devices are desired for optical communications, signal processing and 3d imaging. They are promising devices for external signal modulation in highbandwidth optical communication systems. High speed electroabsorption modulator in the generic photonic integration platform m. Electroabsorption modulators used for alloptical signal processing and labelling. Travelingwave electroabsorption modulators by shengzhong zhang april 1999 a dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree of doctor of philosophy in electrical and computer engineering committee in charge professor john e.
Bowers electrical engineering department, university of california, santa barbara, ca 93106 abstract electroabsorption modulators eams based on the quantum con. High speed packaged electroabsorption modulators for optical communications aaron e. Miller1 1department of electrical engineering, stanford university, stanford, ca 94305, usa 2current address. High speed silicon modulators huiwen chen, yinghao kuo, john e. Analysis of multiquantum well electroabsorption modulators. It has 2 electrical ports for the bias and rf driving and 2 optical ports as modulatir input and output.
Osa high speed gesi electroabsorption modulator at 1550. The aicdsqw structure has advantages such as very low insertion loss, zero chirp, large stark shift and high extinction ratio in comparison with the intrastep quantum. With all these advantages, monolithic integration of a graphene electroabsorption modulator could open new routes to integrated photonics. The waveguide includes a relatively thin and offcenter undoped electroabsorbing layer within a lightguiding region. Fabryperot electroabsorption modulators for highspeed. Dipartimento di elettronica, politecnico di torino, corso duca degli abruzzi 24, i10129 torino, italy. Leijtens 1 1 cobra research institute, eindhoven university of technology, p.
Analysis of linearity of highly saturated electroabsorption. Frequency chirping properties of electroabsorption. All 16 demultiplexed tributary channels are error free with an average receiver. We consider a plurality of material modulation classes to include twolevel absorbers such as quantum dots, free carrier.
Bowers department of electrical and computer engineering, university of california santa barbara, santa barbara, ca 93106. As the channel bit rate distance product increases, external modulation of the laser light. The input light is usually either a free space beam or propagates in an optical fiber fibercoupled modulators. Alloptical wavelength conversion and signal regeneration. This device exhibits an optical absorption coefficient change. Since conventional electroabsorption modulator integrated lasers eml or machzehnder modulators used in longdistance transmission are limited to a distance of around 80 km there has been demand for longerrange capability. We have analyzed the linearity performance of analog fiberoptic links based on electroabsorption modulators eam operating at high optical power. The demonstrated device has a compact active region of 1. Results of single channel and dwdm fiber transmission experiments are presented. The same current feedback mechanism that limits the rf link gain is. Recently, liu et al reported such a modulator which has a modulation depth of 0. Sorger1, 1department of electrical and computer engineering, george washington university 800 22nd st. A low power 2x28 gbs electroabsorption modulator driver array with onchip duobinary encoding renato vaernewyck, xin yin, jochen verbrugghe, guy torfs, xingzhi qiu, efstratios kehayas, nonmembers, and johan bauwelincka, member summary an integrated 2x28 gbs dualchannel duobinary driver ic is presented.
Neuromorphic photonics with electroabsorption modulators. Simulation of traveling wave electroabsorption modulators for. Verbist et al dacless and dsp free 112 gbs pam4 transmitter using two parallel electroabsorption modulators 1283 fig. Monolithic integration of an electroabsorption modulator into a gaasbased duocavity vcsel for resonance free modulation j.
Conference proceedings papers presentations journals. Gesige asymmetric fabryperot quantum well electroabsorption. Radio shack rf modulator owners manual pdf download. In the past several years, nearinfrared electroabsorption modulators based on arsenide, phosphide and antimonide semiconductors have been.
Electroabsorption optical modulators integrated with passive waveguides have been fabricated on gaasalgaas multiquantum well material using the impurityfree vacancy diffusion technique with srf 2 and sio 2 capping layers. Blue inganganbased quantum electroabsorption modulators. Silicononinsulator freecarrier injection modulators for. Abstract the paper presents a new device for analog optical. Using lowvoltage electroabsorption modulators directly integrated to cmos. The ea modulator is driven with a voltage source device which more info. Electroabsorption modulator eam electroabsorption modulators operate with voltagedependent absorption of light passing through the device the device structure is a reversebiased pin diode the franzkeldysh effect describes how the effective bandgap of the semiconductor decreases with increasing electric field, shifting the. Change optical path length with applied electric field. Electroabsorption modulator performance predicted from band. The silicon electroabsorption modulator eam is a key photonic device for emerging high capacity telecommunication networks to meet ever growing computing demands. Osa linear graphene on silicon nitride electroabsorption. In this paper, a travelling wave electroabsorption modulators tweams based on asymmetric intrastepbarrier coupled double strained quantum wells aicdsqw active layer is designed and analyzed at 1. Pdf electroabsorption modulator with an asymmetric coupled.
We introduce ingangan based quantum electroabsorption modulator that incorporates 5 nm thick in0. Electroabsorption modulators used for alloptical signal. Carrierinjection modulators can provide large free carrier density change, high modulation efficiency, and compact footprint. Gesige asymmetric fabryperot quantum well electroabsorption modulators elizabeth h. Electroabsorption modulators used for alloptical signal processing and labelling xu, lin publication date. Javier romerovivas, aidan meehan and lukasz krzczanowicz optical communications research group, dept. The two most common modulators are lithium niobate machzehnder and electroabsorption modulators. Publishers pdf, also known as version of record includes final page. A trombone phase shifter was used to align the pulse carver and data encoder drive signals.
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